326 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
is supreme. This supremacy of the Executive may be maintained in various ways. It may be maintained by curtailing the powers of the Legislature or it may be maintained by planning the composition of the Legislature in such a way that the Legislature will always be at the beck and call of the Executive.
The Federal Scheme adopts both these means. In the first place, it limits the powers of the Federal Legislature. I have already described how greatly the Federal Scheme curtails the financial powers of the Federal Legislature. The Federal Legislature has no right to refuse supplies to any expenditure which is declared to be a charge on the revenues.
The Federal Scheme also curtails the Legislative powers of the Federal Legislature. These restraints are specified in section 108 which reads as follows :
“108. ( 1 ) Unless the Governor-General in his discretion thinks fit to give his previous sanction, there shall not be introduced into, or moved in, either Chamber of the Federal Legislature, any Bill or amendment which—
( a ) repeals, amends or is repugnant to any provisions of any Act of Parliament extending to British India ; or
( b ) repeals, amends or is repugnant to any Governor-General’s or Governor’s Act, or any ordinance promulgated in his discretion by the Governor-General or a Governor; or
( c ) affects matters as respects which the Governor-General is, by or under this Act, required to act in his discretion; or
( d ) repeals, amends or affects any Act relating to any police force ; or
( e ) affects the procedure for criminal proceedings in which European British subjects are concerned ; or
( f ) subjects-persons not resident in British India to greater taxation than persons resident in British India or subjects companies not wholly controlled and managed in British India to greater taxation than companies wholly controlled and managed therein ; or
( g ) affects the grant of relief from any Federal tax on income in respect of income taxed or taxable in the United Kingdom.
(2) Unless the Governor-General in his discretion thinks fit to give his previous sanction, there shall not be introduced into, or moved in a Chamber of a Provincial Legislature any Bill or amendment which—
( a ) repeals, amends or is repugnant to any provisions of any Act of Parliament extending to British India ; or
( b ) repeals, amends or is repugnant to any Governor-General’s Act, or any ordinance promulgated in his discretion by the Governor-General; or
( c ) affects matters as respects which the Governor-General is by or under this Act, required to act in his discretion ; or