THEIR WISHER ARE LAWS UNTO US 279
the ancient law of Manu is responsible for the present day lawlessness of the Hindus. Although I am using archaic language, two things will show that my thesis is true. The first is that the ancient social divisions of Manu are not without their counterpart in modern times. The modern counterparts of those ancient divisions are Hindus and untouchables. Those whom Manu included within the Chaturvarna correspond to the modern composite class called Hindus. Those whom Manu called Bahayas (outside the Chaturvarna) correspond to the present day untouchables of India. The dividing line between the four classes—Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra—included within Chaturvarna have in modern times become some what blurred and there has been some degree of amalgamation between them. But the line which Manu drew between those within the Chaturvarna from those outside the Chaturvarna is still clear and is not allowed to be effaced or crossed. That line is the line which at present separates the Hindus from the untouchables. The first thing that is clear is that the ancient divisions have descended to modern times. The only change is the change of names.
The second question is, has the law as laid down by Manu for the Bahayas any counterpart in the present day social relationship between the Hindus and the Untouchables ? To those who doubt I ask to take the following case into consideration. The incident has occurred in the Ramnad District of the Madras Presidency.
In December 1930 the Kallar in Ramanad propounded eight prohibitions, the disregard of which led to the use of violence by the Kallar against the untouchables whose huts were fired, whose granaries and property were destroyed, and whose livestock was looted. These eight prohibitions were as follows :—
“(i) that the Adi-Dravidas shall not wear ornament of gold and silver;
(ii) that the males should not be allowed to wear their clothes below their knees or above the hips;
(iii) that their males should not wear coats or shirts or baniyans;
(iv) No Adi-Dravida should be allowed to have his hair cropped.
(v) that the Adi-Dravidas should not use other than earthenware vessels in their homes;
(vi) their women shall not be allowed to cover the upper portion of their bodies by clothes or ravukais or thavanies;
(vii) their women shall not be allowed to use flowers or saffron paste; and
(viii) the men shall not use umbrellas for protection against sun and rain nor should they wear sandals”.