WHO WERE THE SHUDRAS? How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan Society - Page 239

220 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

Greeks—Class composition of their society compared with ‘Varna’ system, 26

Griffiths, Dr.—Perturbed over Tritsus being shown Non-Aryans, 129-30

Guha Dr.—On two racial stocks of Indian people and their distribution, 97-98

Harishchandra—141-44

Harivamsha—Explanation of origin of Vedas from eyes, tongue and head of God, 34; Explanation of origin of priests from limbs of God Hari,

34; Studious avoidance of feet as origin of any priest or Veda, 34-35; Story of Trishanku, 141-45; Story of Varna’s conflict with Brahmins,

151-52

Hearn, Mr. W.E.—On rule of establishing nobility among Aryans, 110

High Courts in India—Calcutta decision about Kayasthas of Bihar being Shudras, 162; Allahabad’s non-acceptance of validity of ‘ Calcutta decision, 163; Calcutta

(1916 and 1926) decision about Bengal Kayasthas being Shudras,

163; Patna (1926) decision holding Bihar Kayasthas as Kshatriyas,

163-64; Madras (1924) decision holding Marathas as Shudras, 164; Bombay (1928) decision holding five and ninty-six families of Marathas as Kshatriyas, rest as Shudras,

164 : Madras (1927) holding Yadavas as Shudras, 164; Criteria adopted by, in determining Shudras and their relevance, 165; Failure to distinguish between de facto and de jure position of communities relating to Upanayana, 165-66; see also Privy Council

India—Designed ‘Bharata Bhumi’ after Vedic and not Daushyanti Bharatas, 128-29

Indo-Aryans— See Manu, Aryan, Chaturvarnya, Atharva Veda, Aupamanyava, Dr. Bopp, Dasas, Dasyus, Dr. Guha, Purusha Sukta

Indo-Iranians—Three classes in their Society, 26; Meaning of ‘Varna’ in their literature, 82-85; Identification of Azi Dahaka with Dasa, 104 105, see also Dasyu

Jabali, Satyakama—His story, and inferences from it, 175

Jaimini—Cites Badari’s contention of Shudra’s right to sacrifice, 108; Spiritual significance of Samskaras according to, 171; His rules in ‘Purva Mimamsa’ about property, sacrifice and Vedic mantras 170-71

Jayaswal, Dr.—Shudra as a minister,

112-13 (footnotes)

Jews—Existence of classes in society of, 28; Disabilities under Roman Law, 61; A people not race, 66

Justinian—Enfranchisement of slaves,

60

Kalikapurana—160 (footnote)

Kalmashapada—145-46

Kane, Mr.—Identifies Dasas and Dasyus with Shudras of later time,

101; On demarcation line between Aryans and Shudras; see also 102,

156, 158-60, 167,168, 174,190, 201,

202 (footnote)

Kathaka Samhita—Disabilities of Shudras under, 42; Statements from, demarcating Shudra from Arya, 107

Katyayana Srauta Sutra—Commentary on, admits Shudra’s eligibility to perform Vedic rites, 109

Kaushitaki Brahmana—On enmity between Sudas and Vasistha spreading to descendants, 151

Kautilya—His reference to Shudras as Aryans in laws of slavery, 110-11