The Law of Evidence - Page 583

562 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES

(7) The law will persume that a parent prefers his own children to those of others.

These maxims are related to burden of Proof. They help to fix the burden.

§ Presumptions as to Documents 79-90

1. Presumption as to the genuineness of certified 79 copies.

2. Presumption as to the genuineness of documents 80 Produced as record of evidence.

3. Presumption as to the genuineness of gazettes, 81 Newspapers.

4. Presumption as to documents—In England with- 82 out proof of seal or signature.

5. Presumption as to maps or plans made by autho- 83 rity of Government.

6. Presumption as to books of law and report of 84 decisions.

7. Presumptions as to powers of attorny. 85

8. Presumptions as to certified copies of foreign 86 Judicial records.

9. Presumptions as to books, maps and charts. 87

10. Presumptions as to telegraphic messages. 88

11. Presumption as to attestation and execution of 89 documents not produced.

12. Presumtion as to documents 30 years old. 90

Burden of Proof

(ii) Matters of which Proof is not allowed

1. § Matters which parties are debarred from asserting. (conclusive evidence).

2. § Matters which parties are estopped from proving. (Estoppel).

3. § Matters stated without prejudice.

4. § Matters which are irrelevant.