356 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
amount given under the previous item. From Rs. 5,000 up to Rs. 10,000, the compensation should be ten times but not less than the maximum under the Rs. 2,000—Rs. 5,000 category and for profits above Rs. 10,000 it should be eight times but not less than the maximum under the last-mentioned category. It is all a graded thing. And I am afraid that we should not get mixed up with this question of compensation which is a very ticklish problem. If you want the betterment of agriculture, I am convinced that these intermediaries must be liquidated. The original article exempted compensation for the acquisition of zamindari rights. We are now dealing with exemption from discrimination. I do not see why article 31 should now continue to operate, when there is a law for the purpose of acquiring these estates.
Shri Shiv Charan Lal: What about article 14 about discrimination ?
Dr. Ambedkar: The whole chapter is excluded from operation.
Shrimati Renuka Ray (West Bengal) : When the Hon. Minister is prepared to go far, why does he not go further ?
Dr. Ambedkar: I am not revolutionary enough.
Shrimati Renuka Ray: But you yourself suggested that the State should acquire the land?
Dr. Ambedkar: Yes, but I am a progressive radical.
Now, I come to article 31 B. This article enumerates in the Ninth Schedule certain laws which have been passed. Great objection has been taken that this is a very unusual procedure. Prima facie, it is an unusual procedure. But let us look at it from another point of view. What are these laws ? What are the principles on which these laws are made which are being saved by the Ninth Schedule. All the laws that have been saved by this Schedule are laws which fall under article 31A. That is to say, they are laws which are intended to acquire estates. And when we say by article 31A that whenever a law is made for the acquisition of an estate, neither the principle of compensation nor the principle of