66 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
I should like, if hon. Members want to see the thing in a clear light to ask them to compare the provisions of article 239 with the provisions of the article to which I have referred in regard to the States. Article 239 refers to States in Part C ; they are what are called “Centrally Administered Areas”. The language of article 239 is absolutely different from the language of article 154. The language of article 154 is that the executive power, which also includes administration, vests in the Governor, while article 239 begins by saying that the States in Part C shall be administered by the President, which means “President on the advice of his Council of Ministers”, which in turn means that the responsibility for any matter of administration so far as States in Part C are concerned, directly falls upon Parliament and upon the Central Government. It is therefore open for any Member to discuss any matter relating to States in Part C on the floor of the House, which would not be the case so far as the other States are concerned.
With regard to the States, I should also like to point out that although our Constitution divides the States in Part A and Part B for certain purposes, that is for the purposes to which I have referred, namely the frame of their constitution, the vesting of the executive authority, the authority to make law, and all that, they are on a parallel footing and there is complete parity. True enough that the Consitution contains an article, article 238, which applies with certain modifications, the articles which apply to States in Part A to States in Part B. But anyone who has the curiosity to examine the provisions of article 238 will find that the changes made in the articles which are applicable to States in Part A in their application to States in Part B are of a very minor character—substituting “Governor” for “Rajpramukh” etc. a sort of terminological difference. Beyond that there is no difference at all. Therefore, from that point of view, just as it would not be competent for this House to discuss any matter falling within the jurisdiction of States in Part A, it would also not fall within the jurisdiction of the House to discuss any matter relating to Part B States because both of them, as I said, are placed by the Constitution on the same footing.