68 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
satisfied that the credit of the State is in jeopardy he can declare a state of financial emergency and under that article he can issue certain directions to the States. The third article is article 356 which is called a breakdown article. When the President finds that the Constitution in any particular State is not being carried on in accordance with the provisions contained therein, then also, the President issues certain directions to see that the Constitution is carried on in accordance with its provisions.
Then comes the last Article, Article 371, which is the supervisory Article. It has to be understood that Articles 352,
360 and 356 are, in a general sense, emergency articles, that is to say, they can be invoked for the purpose of giving directions to the States only when certain circumstances arise and the President is satisfied that those circumstances have arisen.
Pandit Kunzru (Uttar Pradesh) : May I ask the Hon. Minister of Law whether he has made this observations with reference to Article 371 also?
Dr. Ambedkar: No, I am taking it separately. I am trying to point out the distinction between the provisions contained in Article 371 on the one hand and Articles 352,
360 and 356 on the other. As I said, these latter Articles are emergency Articles. They are not Articles which deal with normal administration in normal times. Circumstances must justify their invocation. The second thing with regard to them is that they apply to States in Part B to the same extent, in the same degree and in the same manner as they apply States in Part A, provided of course, that the emergency has arisen.
Article 371 stands on a different footing. It does not require an emergency. It can be used in normal times. That is one feature of distinction. The other feature of distinction is that it applies only to States in Part B. It does not apply to States in Part A. Therfore, in my judgment it is not correct to say that the Central Government must use either Article
352 which is an emergency Article, or Article 360, or Article
356, to issue directions to States in Part B. ( Pandit Kunzru : Hear, hear). Independently of these three Articles, the Centre has the power to issue directions to States in Part B under Article 371.