902 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
Dr. K. N. Katju : They are benefited by it.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar : I cannot hear.
Dr. K. N. Katju: May I just say a few words? I heard him complain just now that the system of awarding foreign scholarships to the members of the scheduled castes has been given up and was being given up in 1946 by Rajaji. I was only just saying that foreign scholarships are being given today and that scheme was tried last year for one year and that scheme has now been made permanent for five years.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar : You are reviving it because you have seen the folly of it.
Dr. K. N. Katju : It has been renewed. The scholarships are now being given.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar : After an abeyance of several years.
Dr. K. N. Katju : I am not concerned with that point.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar : You should look into the history of your department. You cannot simply say, ‘I don’t know’ What I was saying was this. Notwithstanding what my hon. friend said, I think the criticism that I am making is very valid and very fundamental. Here in this country you find really two nations—a ruling nation and a nation which is a subject nation.
An Hon. Member : Question.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar : The backward classes are all subject peoples. They have no authority in any place. None whatever. They have no place in Administration—they have no place in the Executive and the Executive and the Administration is entirely monopolised by the higher classes. They are monopolising it by reason of the fact that they have been able to get the highest education. Why not examine all the Secretaries of your Departments in the Government of India ? The son and daughter of every Secretary in the Government is to be found in Cambridge or Oxford. Twice and thrice they have made journeys in order to lodge their children there because they have the amplest means. The backward class man’s son cannot get even primary education. This sort of